The future fate of the Antarctic marine biota?

trait effects in community dynamics is to incorporate dynamic state variable models [14] into community models. Also, the traits of predators and prey often depend on the traits of other predators and prey; for example, where and when prey forage is shaped by the distributions and behaviors of other prey and predators [15]. Thus, in these cases, prey behavior is not only a function of the densities of interacting species, but also of the individual traits of those other species. How the dynamics of these games interact with changes in the densities of the players will require integrating game models into community models. Conclusions Preisser et al. show that how a predator affects prey traits is often just as important as how many prey a predator eats. The size of trait effects will depend on the system, but can sometimes be similar to the total predator effect. Therefore, understanding community dynamics will often require understanding not only density impacts between predator and prey, but also how scared prey alter their interactions with other species. Changes in prey traits responding to predation risk have too large an effect to be ignored in either empirical or theoretical studies.